论计算机网络安全的形式及基本防范措施

本文探讨了计算机网络安全的形式和如何防范的基本措施.     

农民工社会保障相对独立性初探

以农民工社会保障体系与城镇、农村社会保障体系的关系为研究视角,提出了在现阶段农民工社会保障应相对独立于城镇社会保障体系和农村社会保障体系,这是农民工职业、身份、风险的变化的要求,是农民工社会保障不宜纳入城镇社会保障体系的现实选择。在此基础上,本文还提出建立相对独立的农民工社会保障体系的基本框架:即以工伤保险为先,医疗保险、失业保险、养老保险、最低保障为主,内容逐步扩充。     

Irrigation and food security in the 21st century

Global food projections indicate that food prices in the next threedecades will likely be stable or decline, but progress inreducing malnutrition in developing countries will be slow. Smallshortfalls in crop productivity growth would lead to rising foodprices and worsening malnutrition. Increased food production fromirrigation is essential, and will require expansion of irrigatedarea and water supplies, and improved efficiency of use of existingwater supplies. Neither of these growth factors will prove easy, andboth will require complex institutional and policy reforms. Failureto meet food production needs through efficient expansion andintensification of irrigated agriculture would increase pressure onland resources and hasten the process of environmental degradation.Irrigation and water development strategies have been hampered bya lack of understanding of the links between water scarcity, foodproduction, food security, and environmental sustainability.Research to improve this understanding would have high payoffs.     

Impacts of population growth, economic development, and technical change on global food production and consumption

Over the next decades mankind will demand more food from fewer land and water resources. This study quantifies the food production impacts of four alternative development scenarios from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the Special Report on Emission Scenarios. Partially and jointly considered are land and water supply impacts from population growth, and technical change, as well as forest and agricultural commodity demand shifts from population growth and economic development. The income impacts on food demand are computed with dynamic elasticities. Simulations with a global, partial equilibrium model of the agricultural and forest sectors show that per capita food levels increase in all examined development scenarios with minor impacts on food prices. Global agricultural land increases by up to 14% between 2010 and 2030. Deforestation restrictions strongly impact the price of land and water resources but have little consequences for the global level of food production and food prices. While projected income changes have the highest partial impact on per capita food consumption levels, population growth leads to the highest increase in total food production. The impact of technical change is amplified or mitigated by adaptations of land management intensities.     

A tool for community-based assessment of the implications of development on water security in hillside watersheds

Development and population growth in Latin American countries with steep slope farming are likely to further increase pressures on water and land resources. A methodology was developed for assessing water availability and use under different development pathways at a watershed scale to determine whether water security is a potential problem, and if so, under what conditions it is likely to occur. This methodology makes use of a GIS-based spatial water budget model for simulating stream water availability, water use and stream flow control on a daily basis at a watershed scale. Here, we analysed water availability under three plausible development scenarios for the 3246 ha Cabuyal River watershed in southwest Colombia in the year 2025: Corporate Farming (CF), Ecological Watershed (EW), and Business as Usual (BU). Simulated average river flows at the watershed outlet were, respectively, 874, 796 and 925 l s⁻¹ for the CF, EW and BU scenarios. The contribution of base flow to river flow (base flow index) was on average, 80.8, 85.6 and 77.9%, respectively, for the three scenarios. The watershed had the potential to meet the anticipated increase in water use under each explorative scenario. However, dams were necessary to store irrigation water in the CF scenario, otherwise over 60% of the available water would have been used during the dry season. Such a high figure raises concerns about effects on aquatic and riparian ecology, concentrations of potential contaminants, water reserves for especially low rainfall years, and the watershed resilience to meet temporarily higher water needs during the day. Analyses indicated that current water-use conflicts in the watershed can be resolved if irrigation water supply is separated from drinking water supply. This study helped reduce some of the complexity associated with the interdependencies between land and water resources, the impact of using them, and spatial linkages within the watershed. Results of this study can be used for teaching local stakeholders about basic landscape responses and helping multi-institutional alliances to become proactive and to guide development to the benefit of local communities.     

受上游水库溃坝影响的德泽水库安全风险分析

首先基于水库瞬时全渍的假设,采用简算法对上游水库的渍坝洪水进行计算,并计算出上游水库至德泽水库的区间洪水,然后研究了上述2个分区洪水的组合遭遇,最终得到受上游水库渍坝影响的德泽水库坝址断面的洪水过程。结果表明：上游水库的溃坝,一般情况下不会对德泽水库构成威胁。进行的研究为德泽水库的安全设计提供了重要依据。     

浅谈农村社会保障与政府职能转变

政府职能反映着公共行政的基本内容和活动方向,是公共行政的本质表现.文章结合政府职能转变,立足于农村社会保障,探讨了政府职能的缺位表现,并通过加强农村社会保障立法制度建设,完善农村社会保障的社会管理机制,鼓励和支持商业保险进驻农村市场探讨了政府职能的转变方向.     

便携式电网谐波检测装置在电力系统中的应用

电能质量的好坏严重影响电力系统的稳定运行,测量和分析电能质量的装置运行可靠性对检测电网谐波的检测具有至关重要的作用。采用小波变换分析理论作为电网谐波检测和分析的方法,基于嵌入式linux操作系统和GUI图形界面,以S3C2410为核心,研究设计电网谐波检测装置,用以对谐波进行检测。     

区域经济发展的土地利用及生态安全管理——以宝鸡地区为例

区域社会经济发展与土地利用结构关系密切。文中采用耕地动态度、相对变化率、转移率、新增耕地率、线性回归分析以及洛伦兹曲线等方法,以宝鸡地区为例分析了土地动态变化以及与区域经济发展关系、耕地与粮食匹配关系。结果表明：市区和山区县土地变化率大,川原县区相对较小,耕地变化与经济发展呈高度负相关关系。面对区域经济发展中土地资源出...     

广西北部湾生态安全屏障保护与建设

分析了北部湾生态屏障现存问题,提出对北部湾自然生态系统进行保护建设,对生境退化区、水源涵养区、水土保持区和防风固沙区等进行人工生态系统建设,对北部湾生态系统健康进行保障建设,以期构建一个人工和自然生态系统相结合的多层次的北部湾生态系统,并确保其长期健康、稳定和持续地发挥生态屏障作用,保障北部湾及其周边地区的生态安全。